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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When a neuron transmits an electrical signal to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that act as. These chemicals must travel through a tiny gap known as a synapse. Certain ADHD medications can make the transmission of these messages more effective. They may help neurons release neurotransmitters more frequently or slow down the Reuptake (called reuptake inhibiters). Doctors place patients with ADHD with a small dose of medication and then observe their responses. They adjust the dosage gradually to discover the “sweet spot,” the lowest dose that produces a clear improvement in symptoms and produces fewer adverse side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate the first medication that doctors use to treat ADHD children, is usually Methylphenidate. It increases the amount of norepinephrine as well as dopamine in kids' brains which help them pay attention and concentrate. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. It is important to keep in mind that methylphenidate is a controlled drug and should only be used under a doctor's supervision. The most common methylphenidate medication is Ritalin. It's available in immediate-release tablets (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets that are long-acting (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Some versions of this medication contain the artificial sweetener aspartame, which can be hazardous for those suffering from Phenylketonuria (an inherited condition that causes severe intellectual impairment). Make sure you inform your doctor about any food allergies you or your child may have. Researchers have discovered that methylphenidate reduces aberrant activity, specifically in the accumbens' nucleus and also a network of brain networks involved in the process of adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate has been found to be among the most effective medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants can trigger side effects that can include the loss of appetite, sleepiness, stomach upset, headache, anxiety or agitation, and tics. These aren't common, but they can be serious. If they occur you must contact your doctor immediately. You should also inform your doctor if your child suffers from allergies, the presence of heart disease or depression, bipolar disorder or other mental health problems or glaucoma, a past history of stroke or seizures or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) and the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is crucial to take your methylphenidate in accordance with the prescription of your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines boost the speed of communication between brain cells and can help you concentrate your thoughts and avoid distractions. They are the most commonly used drugs used to treat ADHD in adults and children. They increase the levels neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines come in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting versions. They can be consumed orally or through injection. Some people have a difficult time with the side effects of stimulant medications including restlessness, difficulty sleeping or a rise in heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will monitor the symptoms and alter the dosage to find the right one for you. Some people may need to take a mix of drugs to achieve the desired effects. The effects of stimulants are primarily on two neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex. This is the region of the brain that regulates emotions and controls your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health issues, including ADD/ADHD, depression anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression. Amphetamines as well as methylphenidates are the most commonly used stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in a variety of forms ranging from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants. They can be taken orally, or in a injection. Amphetamines are frequently misused by teenagers who take them to keep awake and study for exams, as well as by truck drivers and students that require extra energy for endurance sports. Amphetamines can trigger physical and psychological problems when used improperly, especially in higher doses. ADHD is treatable with non-stimulant medication. These include atomoxetine clonidine and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They function using the same chemical as stimulants but are less likely to cause the tics worse and cause problems for people with Tourette's syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are used to treat children and teenagers with ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They come in pills that can be chewed or swallowed and capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food, and liquid and patches. They are typically only available through prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana) and amphetamines (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last for about 3 to 6 hours. These medications ease symptoms for 70-80 percent of children and adults with ADHD. They can reduce the need to fidget and interruptions, and make it easier for you to complete your tasks. They also help improve academic performance and relationships. They can't correct the root issues that cause ADHD. So it's important to use them in conjunction with behavior therapy. It's also important to recognize that ADHD medications can have adverse effects. They can make you drowsy or cranky, and could interfere with your sleep. However, these effects are typically minor and go away as the medicine is eliminated from your body. Your doctor may ask you to start with a small dosage and gradually increase it. They will monitor you or your child closely to determine if there are any problems with the medication. Finding the appropriate medication for your child or yourself may take some time. It is best to be honest with your health care provider and communicate clearly. They may suggest a change in the frequency of medications that you or your child take or if any medication is needed at any time. They'll also be looking to determine if you or your child has any other medical or mental conditions. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants help to manage ADHD symptoms by altering neurotransmitter activity in the brain. This can increase the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine, two chemicals that are important for the function of the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive function part of your brain). The majority of kids who suffer from ADHD respond well to stimulant medications. Your doctor can help you determine the right medication and dosage for you. You may have to try various types of medicines before settling on the one that is right for you or your child. adhd depression medication can take these stimulants in chewable tablets or liquid form. These medications begin working quickly and last for three to four hours. The “crash effect” occurs when the medicine is exhausted. This is evident by a sudden reduction in energy levels as well as an intense hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream and become active in red blood cell. Finding the right dosage, medication and schedule for your child or yourself can take time. Your doctor will track how you respond to the medication and will be on the lookout for any issues like trouble sleeping. They will also advise you about medications that are not stimulant if you or your child aren't responding well to the stimulants. Never stop or alter your ADHD medication without first consulting with your doctor. It's also important to tell your doctor about any over-the-counter medications and supplements you are taking, because certain of them may interact with other ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications are effective in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They can also help people concentrate, complete tasks and maintain relationships. adhd without medication can't help with moodiness, or other troubling symptoms. And they may cause side effects like sleepiness, loss of appetite nausea, jitteriness changes in heart rhythm, and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases, helping to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. Most of these medications begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes. They disappear after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used on their own or in conjunction with other types of ADHD treatment, like behavioral therapy. Some of these stimulants that act long-lastingly such as atomoxetine (Strattera) and Guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) are able to last through the night and into the morning. Some doctors suggest taking these in the afternoon, to avoid patients from needing additional medication in school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels in the same way as intermediate- or short-acting drugs. However, they do so significantly. This means that they don't cause the same kind of rebound effects as occur with shorter-acting drugs. Long-acting stimulants, due to the potential side effects are typically prescribed as a second treatment for adults suffering from ADHD and older teens. They are also employed to treat a few patients with ADHD in cases where other medications haven't been effective. Although medication can aid in improving concentration and self-control however, it's not the only solution for those with ADHD. With the help of good sleeping habits, healthy diets and other self-help strategies it's often possible to decrease or even eliminate the requirement for ADHD medication.